History of money
Money is an important thing of our life. But its history is known all of the men. We can try to known you its history.
Money has always fascinated mankind from the time of Aristotle to the present day. Aristotle observed that man is social being and establish certain norms and regulations for their social interaction. Men employed money as a mode of exchange to facilitate such social dealings from their economical aspect.
In the primitive societies, when people wanted to buy anything they had to give something else in exchange for it. For example, if a potter wanted to buy rice from a farmer, he offered him earthenware pots in exchange. The farmer would accept them because the needed pots. This was called the barter system could not meet the growing demands of a convenient exchange system for buying and selling. People started using token or symbolic goods in exchange all over the world. American Indians used beads of shells. Fijians used whales teeth and North American used tobacco in their exchange system. The Roman army men where provided slat for their services.
As per the available sources, the earliest coins date back to about 700 B.C. When stamped pieces of metal were used as a medium of exchange by Lydians who lived in Asia. Coins were preferred because they were easy to carry and durable. Coins where mostly made of gold, silver and copper because the were precious and durable. People accept a coin or currency in payment not because they value the coin itself but because they have confidence in the authority that has issued them. As coins are heavy and bulky so larger payments are in paper money issued by the proper legal authory.
So you can imagine the money history. At this moment we use the money system is not easy able to fast. Day by day it increases is important and use ness.
Globalization
Globalization
Globalization is basically an economic concept. It has evolved from late capitalism. Globalization aims at globalizing capital and goods. That is globalization is a process of expanding trade and commerce increasing the flow of capital and commodities all over the world by crating a borderless market.
Globalization is now on a strong foundation. The development of hi-tech communication system and rapid transportation facilities has turned the world into a village. Popularly termed as global village.
The countries of the world are now like families in a village. The barrier of land and space has been removed. As a result, we can now learn in an instant what is happening in the farthest corner of the world. We can also travel to any part of the world in the shortest time. We can reach any where of the world use some instruments, such as computer, mobile and satellite networks, internet and other information technology has brought the whole world in our drawing room of office room.
Globalization has increased trade, and commerce, flow of capital money, investment, movement of people and workers all over the world. Globalization has opened up a new horizon of tremendous possibilities for the nations of the world. Countries of the world are very closer to each other. They can share views and ideas knowledge, information technology by use social networking site such as fecebook, twitter, and etc. the event can stand by the distressed nations instantly. The process of globalization has made the whole word a free and huge market of goods and services.
Nothing is an unmixed blessing. Globalization has a far-reaching and profound impact on many aspects of life. Globalization has challenged and risked traditional notion. It has been claimed that globalization widening the gap between rich and poor between develop and developing countries are no match for industrially developed, technology advanced, powerful nations. Globalization aims as widening market for capital and goods, but at the same time it ensures maximum profit for the capitalists and investors. In this case, the poor and underdeveloped nations are lagging behind in the competition of market.
Capital does not flow alone. With capital and goods, ideas and value, culture and power all move. Thus, globalization is now being seen as a cultural and ideological assault on the developing nations. Critics of globalization assert that globalization has ended racial.
So it’s a very bed effects for humanities, we can use globalization for wealth of humanity. In fact we cannot use proper. it's our shame.
Globalization is basically an economic concept. It has evolved from late capitalism. Globalization aims at globalizing capital and goods. That is globalization is a process of expanding trade and commerce increasing the flow of capital and commodities all over the world by crating a borderless market.
Globalization is now on a strong foundation. The development of hi-tech communication system and rapid transportation facilities has turned the world into a village. Popularly termed as global village.
The countries of the world are now like families in a village. The barrier of land and space has been removed. As a result, we can now learn in an instant what is happening in the farthest corner of the world. We can also travel to any part of the world in the shortest time. We can reach any where of the world use some instruments, such as computer, mobile and satellite networks, internet and other information technology has brought the whole world in our drawing room of office room.
Globalization has increased trade, and commerce, flow of capital money, investment, movement of people and workers all over the world. Globalization has opened up a new horizon of tremendous possibilities for the nations of the world. Countries of the world are very closer to each other. They can share views and ideas knowledge, information technology by use social networking site such as fecebook, twitter, and etc. the event can stand by the distressed nations instantly. The process of globalization has made the whole word a free and huge market of goods and services.
Nothing is an unmixed blessing. Globalization has a far-reaching and profound impact on many aspects of life. Globalization has challenged and risked traditional notion. It has been claimed that globalization widening the gap between rich and poor between develop and developing countries are no match for industrially developed, technology advanced, powerful nations. Globalization aims as widening market for capital and goods, but at the same time it ensures maximum profit for the capitalists and investors. In this case, the poor and underdeveloped nations are lagging behind in the competition of market.
Capital does not flow alone. With capital and goods, ideas and value, culture and power all move. Thus, globalization is now being seen as a cultural and ideological assault on the developing nations. Critics of globalization assert that globalization has ended racial.
So it’s a very bed effects for humanities, we can use globalization for wealth of humanity. In fact we cannot use proper. it's our shame.
Environment
Green house effect
In the modern time green hose effect is most environment problem.
There are many causes green house effect. The destruction and cutting down of topical rain forests, vehicles that clog up city streets, the rapid growth of population. The use of chlorofluorocarbons in packaging and manufacturing commercial products, the use of detergents, such as washing powder and washing-up-liquid and various kinds of environmental pollutions are the causes of green house effect. Carbon dioxide gas, produced by the burning of fossil fuels and forests and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons also cause green house effect.
The effects of greenhouse are too many to be described. Its effect is very devastating and destructive. Their effect is a dangerous threat to our existence and to animal and plant lives. Climatologists
Predict that by midway through the next century temperatures may have risen by a much as 4-degree salacious. This could seriously reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland.
Bangladesh is very much vulnerable to frequent natural disasters. Annual visitations of cyclones and floods are routine but nonetheless sudden and fatal in their wild rage. The yearly damages the leaves behind are enormous. However our people are accustomed to cyclones and floods. But another creeping disaster is gathering in fury is the green house erect for which the people are not prepared at all and the state appears to be taking no notice. It is the danger of rising sea level from the green house-effect. It can wipe away about one third of our land and spell disaster for the ecological balance of the entire country.
People should be encourage to palent trees more instead of cutting down trees indiscriminately. It is a sacred duty of all human beings to prevent the environment from being spoilt. To make life healthy and comfortable we should keep the environment clean and free from all kinds of population’s. Mills, factories, brickfields should be set up in a planned way. Alarming rate of population growth should be checked. Vehicles should be brought under control so that they might not produce deafening sound and emit thick pall of black smoke and create traffic clogging.
For our survival, we can careful our environment pollution, create awareness of the people evil of environment pollution.
In the modern time green hose effect is most environment problem.
There are many causes green house effect. The destruction and cutting down of topical rain forests, vehicles that clog up city streets, the rapid growth of population. The use of chlorofluorocarbons in packaging and manufacturing commercial products, the use of detergents, such as washing powder and washing-up-liquid and various kinds of environmental pollutions are the causes of green house effect. Carbon dioxide gas, produced by the burning of fossil fuels and forests and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons also cause green house effect.
The effects of greenhouse are too many to be described. Its effect is very devastating and destructive. Their effect is a dangerous threat to our existence and to animal and plant lives. Climatologists
Predict that by midway through the next century temperatures may have risen by a much as 4-degree salacious. This could seriously reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland.
Bangladesh is very much vulnerable to frequent natural disasters. Annual visitations of cyclones and floods are routine but nonetheless sudden and fatal in their wild rage. The yearly damages the leaves behind are enormous. However our people are accustomed to cyclones and floods. But another creeping disaster is gathering in fury is the green house erect for which the people are not prepared at all and the state appears to be taking no notice. It is the danger of rising sea level from the green house-effect. It can wipe away about one third of our land and spell disaster for the ecological balance of the entire country.
People should be encourage to palent trees more instead of cutting down trees indiscriminately. It is a sacred duty of all human beings to prevent the environment from being spoilt. To make life healthy and comfortable we should keep the environment clean and free from all kinds of population’s. Mills, factories, brickfields should be set up in a planned way. Alarming rate of population growth should be checked. Vehicles should be brought under control so that they might not produce deafening sound and emit thick pall of black smoke and create traffic clogging.
For our survival, we can careful our environment pollution, create awareness of the people evil of environment pollution.
Democracy
Democracy
Democracy is commonly defined as ‘‘Government of the people by the people and for the people”. The term is wide and may, in fact, be applied to any scheme of government in which the people are allowed to take part, in some form or other, not as a matter of grace but as a matter of right. Whatever may be the method of ensuring popular participation? Some kind of mandatory arrangement by which people can take part in the highest legislative and policy-framing bodies constitutes the essence of democracy.
Generally speaking, two broad-based essentials are necessary for the working of democracy. Firstly, a constitution, preferably written, must exist to regulate the legislative and executive functions of the government. Secondly, election to the law-making body or system. Other conditions, essential but not indispensable, are a well-organized party system, freedom of expression and fair degree of literacy among the masses.
Born out of the ruins of autocracy, with the message of equality and liberty, democracy was hailed all over the world as the guardian of popular rights and interests and enjoy a prosperous career till the beginning of the second quarter of the 20th century when it faced its first challenge from fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany going by the name national socialism, both of which were, in essence, refined types of dictatorship, their apparent advantages over democracy and their initial achievements in the economic sphere shakened popular faith in popular government. The fate and future of democracy kept hanging in the balance until at last the Second World War ended in the defeat of the Axis powers, thus stamping out from the face of the earth the last vestiges of dictatorship. But the horizon of democracy is still cloudy, as a new rival has appeared after the Second World War. It is Marxian socialism, headed by soviet Russia, one of the mightiest powers of the world to day.
The primary reason of democracy facing repeated challenge lies rotted in the very system itself. It has certain inherent weaknesses that weaken popular faith in it whenever they find any other system free from them. The challenge from dictatorship arose because democracy is weak in decision and slow in action while the former was able to provide strong government, quick decision and prompt execution. Its new rival, Marxism possesses all the good traits of dictatorship and combines something more, namely, economic security which democracy theoretically stands for. Marxism, being based on a strictly socialistic economy, provides for the satisfaction of the basic needs of every citizen by way of giving employment to all, while democracy, having to bear the crushing burden of capitalism, is associated with large-scale unemployed of the people and the means of existence. The only superiority that democracies yet possess over Marxism is the perfect freedom of expression, which under the latter is drastically curtailed. But this alone cannot fortify democracy beyond the approach of danger.
Truly speaking, democracy has not yet failed utterly but may in future share the fate of tits predecessors, if it not recast to suit the needs of time. Since the birth of organized society, man has been changing government after government in quest of the security of his first right-the right to life. This holds the key to the ultimate success or failure of democracy as well. If democracy can not solve satisfactorily his pressing problems of bread and butter, it is only natural that he will substitute it by any other system promising the same, to-day or two says later. In that event, no good will result from holding before him the high ideals of democracy, its spiritual height, its moral basis or its recognition of human value.
So democracy is good things for the new generation. It is important media to change government and preserve human rights.
Democracy is commonly defined as ‘‘Government of the people by the people and for the people”. The term is wide and may, in fact, be applied to any scheme of government in which the people are allowed to take part, in some form or other, not as a matter of grace but as a matter of right. Whatever may be the method of ensuring popular participation? Some kind of mandatory arrangement by which people can take part in the highest legislative and policy-framing bodies constitutes the essence of democracy.
Generally speaking, two broad-based essentials are necessary for the working of democracy. Firstly, a constitution, preferably written, must exist to regulate the legislative and executive functions of the government. Secondly, election to the law-making body or system. Other conditions, essential but not indispensable, are a well-organized party system, freedom of expression and fair degree of literacy among the masses.
Born out of the ruins of autocracy, with the message of equality and liberty, democracy was hailed all over the world as the guardian of popular rights and interests and enjoy a prosperous career till the beginning of the second quarter of the 20th century when it faced its first challenge from fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany going by the name national socialism, both of which were, in essence, refined types of dictatorship, their apparent advantages over democracy and their initial achievements in the economic sphere shakened popular faith in popular government. The fate and future of democracy kept hanging in the balance until at last the Second World War ended in the defeat of the Axis powers, thus stamping out from the face of the earth the last vestiges of dictatorship. But the horizon of democracy is still cloudy, as a new rival has appeared after the Second World War. It is Marxian socialism, headed by soviet Russia, one of the mightiest powers of the world to day.
The primary reason of democracy facing repeated challenge lies rotted in the very system itself. It has certain inherent weaknesses that weaken popular faith in it whenever they find any other system free from them. The challenge from dictatorship arose because democracy is weak in decision and slow in action while the former was able to provide strong government, quick decision and prompt execution. Its new rival, Marxism possesses all the good traits of dictatorship and combines something more, namely, economic security which democracy theoretically stands for. Marxism, being based on a strictly socialistic economy, provides for the satisfaction of the basic needs of every citizen by way of giving employment to all, while democracy, having to bear the crushing burden of capitalism, is associated with large-scale unemployed of the people and the means of existence. The only superiority that democracies yet possess over Marxism is the perfect freedom of expression, which under the latter is drastically curtailed. But this alone cannot fortify democracy beyond the approach of danger.
Truly speaking, democracy has not yet failed utterly but may in future share the fate of tits predecessors, if it not recast to suit the needs of time. Since the birth of organized society, man has been changing government after government in quest of the security of his first right-the right to life. This holds the key to the ultimate success or failure of democracy as well. If democracy can not solve satisfactorily his pressing problems of bread and butter, it is only natural that he will substitute it by any other system promising the same, to-day or two says later. In that event, no good will result from holding before him the high ideals of democracy, its spiritual height, its moral basis or its recognition of human value.
So democracy is good things for the new generation. It is important media to change government and preserve human rights.
Human behavior
Human behavior
Men usually want to have their own way. They want to think and act, as they like. No one however, can have his own way all the time. A man cannot live in society without considering the interests of others as well as his own interests. Society means a group of people with the same laws and same way to life. People in society many may make their own decisions but these decision ought not to be unjust or harmful to others. One man’s decisions may easily harm another people. For example, a motorist may be in a hurry to get to his friend’s house. He sets out, driving at full speed like a competition in a motor race. There are other vehicles and also pedestrians on the road. Suddenly there is crash. There are screams and confusion. One careless motorist has struck another car. The collision has injured two people and killed the fourth. Too many road accidents happen through the thoughtlessness, of selfish drivers.
All the countries have a government, the police and the law magistrates to prevent or to punish these miscreants’ acts. But in addition, all men ought to observe certain rules and conduct. Every man ought to behave with consideration of other men. He ought not seal to cheat or destroy property of others. There is no place for this short or behavior in a civilize society.
Men in a free society have a certain human rights. The government and the police do not watch all their movements. Officials do not dictate to them everything they may or may not do. Men in free society may think as they please. They may even choose their won government in return for these human rights; they ought not to act selfishly. They ought always to respect the rights of other. It is important for a man to remember this, wherever they live, whether in a town or in a village in a large or a small community, they ought not to behave thoughtlessly. The happiness of a community depends on the behavior of its individual members. It is every citizen’s responsibility to give as well as to receive.
Men usually want to have their own way. They want to think and act, as they like. No one however, can have his own way all the time. A man cannot live in society without considering the interests of others as well as his own interests. Society means a group of people with the same laws and same way to life. People in society many may make their own decisions but these decision ought not to be unjust or harmful to others. One man’s decisions may easily harm another people. For example, a motorist may be in a hurry to get to his friend’s house. He sets out, driving at full speed like a competition in a motor race. There are other vehicles and also pedestrians on the road. Suddenly there is crash. There are screams and confusion. One careless motorist has struck another car. The collision has injured two people and killed the fourth. Too many road accidents happen through the thoughtlessness, of selfish drivers.
All the countries have a government, the police and the law magistrates to prevent or to punish these miscreants’ acts. But in addition, all men ought to observe certain rules and conduct. Every man ought to behave with consideration of other men. He ought not seal to cheat or destroy property of others. There is no place for this short or behavior in a civilize society.
Men in a free society have a certain human rights. The government and the police do not watch all their movements. Officials do not dictate to them everything they may or may not do. Men in free society may think as they please. They may even choose their won government in return for these human rights; they ought not to act selfishly. They ought always to respect the rights of other. It is important for a man to remember this, wherever they live, whether in a town or in a village in a large or a small community, they ought not to behave thoughtlessly. The happiness of a community depends on the behavior of its individual members. It is every citizen’s responsibility to give as well as to receive.
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